Holden Caulfield s Mental Disorder - 1421 Words

Tetonic 1 Nichole Tetonic Psychology of literature Mr. Seaman Due date: 11/10/15 Holden Caulfield’s Mental Disorder Mental disorders can be diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Major depression is a lost of interest or pleasure in all activities. People with major depression experience symptoms such as a change of appetite, restlessness sleep, decreased energy, feeling of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and/or suicidal thoughts. A major depressive episode can lasts for about 2 weeks or more. A major depressive episode can be caused by stress, social anxiety, or other reasons. People with a milder depression are able to function and seem normal (DSM-IV-TR). A major depressive disorder affects about 14.8 million adults in America with 6.7 million at age 18 and older in the United States population. A depressive disorder can develop in any age and more likely to occur more often in women than in men and any person who is going through a hard time can develop depression. A treatment for individuals with depression is medication, psychotherapy, or attending social groups, 80 p ercent of the people who follow up with these treatments begin to show improvement with in four to six weeks. About 50 percent of the patients that take medicine to â€Å"cure† the depression are unsuccessful with the treatment, because they stop taking their meds due to the side effects, but the people who are in the supportShow MoreRelatedA Socially Acceptable Form Of Schizophrenia1055 Words   |  5 Pageshow arbitrary, and still be acceptable. J.D. Salinger writes The Catcher in the Rye to tell about Holden Caulfield s misadventures in a 1950’s New York. After Holden, the narrator and protagonist, is expelled from yet another boarding school, he hides it from his parents. Mental illness plagues Holden’s life, and at the end of the book, he ends up in a mental hospital in California. Holden Caulfield could be diagnosed with schizophrenia because in The Catcher in the Rye, he exhibits signs of theRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1095 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Rye Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is most commonly thought of as an illness men and women acquire from experiences while serving in the wars. Some do not even know what it is or how much it affects people s lives. In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger helps to convey what Post Traumatic Stress Disorder really is. PTSD is a curable condition triggered by a traumatic event with many types, causes, and symptoms displayed by Holden Caulfield. All of the people who suffer fromRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress in Relation to Holden Caulfield1181 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress In Relation To Holden Caulfield Introduction Throughout life, an individual may endure emotionally and physically straining moments causing the person to become downhearted, and or irate. These feelings are normal, but may however become a problem when these feelings prohibit someone from living a ‘normal life. An estimated 5.2 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or approximately 3.6 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD (Narrow, Rae, Regier)Read MoreHolden Caulfield : Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1362 Words   |  6 Pagestraumatic stress disorder, most of the time they imagine soldiers returning from war to their families. However, people are not always aware that this disorder occurs in seemingly normal people. In the novel, Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield seems to deal with this disorder. Looking at the surface of the novel, this is unclear. Therefore, this is an inferred trait in the novel. The reader must figure out for themselves that the protagonist retains the disorder. Holden Caulfield suffers from postRead MoreHolden Caulfield Is On His Own Psychological Journey1450 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the novel of Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is on his own psychological journey. This journey tells a lot about who Holden is as a person and the problems he is dealing with. It all starts when Holden has flunked out of Pencey Prep. His psychological struggles are triggered by the traumatic event of his brother, Allie, dying 4 years prior. The death of Allie has affected Holden in all aspects of his life, including friends, school, actions, and thoughts. This causes concern in Holden’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pagesin the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his pa rents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1936 (Lundquist 7-10). Many critics believe that he modeled Pencey Prep, the school that Holden attended, after Valley Forge. TwoRead MoreHolden Caulfield Assessment Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesINFORMATION IDENTIFYING DATA AND REASON FOR REFERRAL: Holden Caulfield is 17 years of age. He was referred by his parents to determine his mental state. Holden has a history of poor school performance. He has been kicked out of many top of the line private schools. The contributing factors may include death in the family, skipping classes and not putting any effort into his work. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: This information was given to me through interviews with his mother and father, as well as hisRead MoreInto The Mind Of Holden Caulfield1755 Words   |  8 PagesJourneying into the Mind of Holden Caulfield One can conclude that Holden Caulfield is one of the strangest boys you’ll ever meet upon reading J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye. Holden can be happy one second, and down in the dumps the next, or Caulfield can be a lustful, suave man to a woman at one moment, and a downright jerk the next. Throughout the whole book the reader wonders, what is going on in this boy s head? With just a brief skim of the internet, it is clear to see that a prominentRead MoreEssay On Catcher In The Rye702 Words   |  3 Pagesexperiences a severe mental disorder at some point during their life. It is hard for mentally healthy people to know what it feels like getting flashbacks of the things you don’t want to remember It is hard for mentally healthy people to know what it feels like to let go of the past but the past continues to hold on to you. It is hard for mentally healthy people to know what it feels like to be inside a body that wants you to live, but with a mind tha t wants you to die. People with mental illnesses goRead MoreBackground Information:. Major Depressive Disorder, Also1633 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Information: Major depressive disorder, also known as depression is defined as â€Å" a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.† (Source 5) It estimated that between 10-15 percent of the general population will experience depression during their lifetime, and according to the World Health Organization(WHO)

The, Artificial Intelligence Pioneer, By Edward Hoagland

A question that is asked by nearly all of us: what accumulates the human species. By my definition, a human is a mortal mammal that has the ability to think, feel, and react, as they desire; furthermore, nearly all feel the urge of acceptance and compassion. Marvin Minsky, artificial intelligence pioneer: We do something other species can’t: We remember. We have cultures, ways of transmitting information (Wired.com). Specifically, Minsky is indicating that being a human means we can transmit information, for example, expressing our emotions. We each react to our heartache and our bliss in different fashions. Moreover, we all have unique qualities that separate one another. A couple stories from The Writer s Presence, clearly†¦show more content†¦Hoagland s story, vastly connects to me due to growing up with a speech impediment. Kids in my class mocked me; this made me insecure, and I had a difficult time communicating with others. Even though my speech therapist at s chool helped me improve, I still slip up occasionally. These restrictions have cause sounding and spelling out my words to be tough, even to this today. Furthermore, people still pester me when I mess up and become nervous, talk to brisk, or read; similar to Hoagland, I have learned to manage it. When people tease me, I laugh with them and proceed forward. Another example from The Writer s Presence is a story written by Nancy Mairs, who has contributed poetry, short stories, articles, and essays to numerous journals. She wrote an essay called On Being a Cripple, which described her experience of coping with her disabilities: a weak left leg, little usage of her left hand, a decreasing ability to her right side, and a blurred spot in her right eye. She explains that she is blessed that God picked her, knowing she was a strong woman that could handle it. If a cure were found, would I take it? In a minute. In my brand of theology, God doesn t give bonus points for a limp. I d take a cure; I just don t need one. A friend who also has MS startled me once by asking, Do you ever say to yourself, Why me Lord? No Michael, I don t, I told him, because whenever I try, the only response I can think of is Why Not? If I could

To Kill a Mockingbird a Literary Analysis Free Essays

In the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee tells the reader about the people living in Maycomb County. Throughout the three years we follow these characters; we see how they interact with each other and learn how love and hate are complex emotions. This essay will examine love for family, romantic love, and love for community in order to show how complicated the emotions of love and hate can be. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird: a Literary Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jem and Scout are growing up in a loving family. Calpurnia is the mother figure to the children. She makes sure both kids are fed and ready for school. She scolds them and watches after them. She takes them to Church and shares the values she has been taught. Atticus is a loving father to Jem and Scout. He always makes time for them. He shares stories with them and helps them to understand the world around them. By helping others in the community and sharing his feelings about understanding others with his children, Atticus is a good role model for Jem and Scout. As siblings, Jem and Scout clearly share a love for each other. They play together, tell each other their secrets and look out for each other. Unfortunately, not all children in Maycomb grow up loved or taught how to love. Mr. Ewell is a mean drunk who does not pay any attention to his family. He does not even make sure that they are fed. He hates people in general and Black people most of all. When he sees his daughter trying to kiss Tom Robinson, he is blinded by hatred and accuses this innocent man of raping her. He is teaching his daughter to hate. As a result, she did not tell the truth in court. Nathan Radley did not show his family love either. Boo has spent his entire life as a prisoner of his own home because his father was overzealous in punishing him for a childhood mistake. Read also  How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech? He also covers the knot hole with tar when he discovers that Boo has been making contact and developing a friendship with Jem and Scout. However, Boo is not the kind of person to learn hatred. He puts a blanket over Scout’s shoulders when she is watching the fire and he saves Jem and Scout when they are attacked by Mr. Ewell. There are not many examples of romantic love in this book. Although Atticus is very involved in the community, he is single and not dating anyone. We do not learn much about Calpurnia’s home life. One example of romantic love that Harper Lee does provide is with Mayella Ewell. She is abused, lonely and unhappy. She fantasizes about being loved and develops a crush on Tom Robinson. Although they never have any real relationship, the idea of one brings out the racist hate for Blacks and divides the community. It also has terrible consequences for Tom. The second example of romantic love is Mr. Raymond, a white man who married a black woman and has mixed children. Mr. Raymond tells the kids that he pretends to be an alcoholic by carrying around a paper bag with a bottle of Coca-Cola inside. He can see that love is not reserved just for people who look like you and live like you do. Because of the racism in town, Mr. Raymond feels the need to fake and illness to help people understand his choice to marry a black woman. Yet, the people in Maycomb do look out for each other too. For example, the whole town works together to save Miss Maudie’s things when there is a fire in her house. The real problem is that they seem to care about only those people who are like them. In chapter 23, Jem describes four kinds of â€Å"folks† in Maycomb County: â€Å"Our kind of folks don’t like the Cunninghams, the Cunninghams don’t like the Ewells, and the Ewells hate and despise the colored folks. This attitude in Maycomb means that the people in the community will continue to be divided. Scout understands this and says, â€Å"There’s just one kind of folks. Folks. † Harper Lee stresses this point with the incident outside the courthouse. Scout doesn’t comprehend what is going on, so she greets Mr. Cunningham warmly and asks him to say â€Å"hey† to his son for her. This greeting reminds him that they live in a small town and that everybody should get along. He breaks up the lynch group and everybody goes home. In fact, rather than being Cunninghams or Ewells, the majority of the people in town are more like mockingbirds. They live their lives and don’t really do any harm to those around them. Atticus tries to tell the children that loving or hating are not nearly as important as understanding others. On page 39, Atticus explains, â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view – until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. † This simple advice helps to replace simple categories of loving or hating with a one mixed with respect and compassion. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird: a Literary Analysis, Papers

Business Analysis Techniques Marketing - Click to Get Solution

Question: Discuss about the Business analysis techniques for Marketing ? Answer: Introduction: Marketing a service or product is crucial in achieving organizational goals and objectives. Formulating a marketing plan can be used in circumstances where fundraising or spreading awareness is required. In the United Kingdom, animal cruelty is frequently occurring with cases being reported on a daily basis; however, the true extent of animal cruelty within the country is not known, as most times incidents of animal neglect and cruelty are not reported. In this assignment I will propose a marketing plan for RSPCA, one of the countrys leading NGOs that tackle issues related to animal neglect and cruelty. Situational Analysis: RSPCA is the countrys oldest welfare charity that has been protecting animal rights from for many decades. They operate most parts of the country with most major cities possessing at least one centre. They have been promoting animal welfare in all parts of the country and is considered one of UKs most trusted animal NGOs. Their popularity is represented by the fact that they receive calls every 30 seconds from all parts of the country, on their 24x7 animal cruelty helpline; this however demonstrates the scale of the problem within the UK, with 1,299,163 calls received in 2014 (rspca.org.uk, 2016). Figure 1: RSPCA, company logo (Source: rspca.org.uk, 2016) External analysis Zeithaml et al. (2010, p.14) mentioned that in order to understand the current situation of a company within the environment in which it operates, it is vital to conduct an analysis on the external environment. PESTLE, an analytical tool, facilitates this purpose. The tool takes into consideration six factors which may affect the organisations activities or general functioning. These factors include political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental. Political: -Government attitudes towards the importance of protecting animal rights -Laws to prevent animal cruelty like Animal Welfare Act 2006, ThePet Animals Act 1951, and The Performing Animals (Regulation) Act 1925. -Laws controlling business related activities like breeding and selling; Breeding and Sale of Dogs (Welfare) Act 1999. Economic: -Sponsorship availability -Rising costs of medicines Social: -Culture for having pets where 46% of all households in the United Kingdom possessed a type of pet in 2015. -High levels of pet abuse -Rising levels of business related activities with animals Technological: -Microchip tagging facilities readily available -Innovations in medical industry Legal: -Charities Act of 2011 -Cases of animal abuse registered against RSPCA Environmental: -Rising consciousness towards ecological and sustainable operations -Environmental Protection Act of 1990, Environment Act of 1995, - Wildlife protection Acts Table 1: PESTLE analysis, RSPCA (Source: Created by Author) Company Swot Prior to formulating a marketing plan, it is important to understand strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are apparent to the company Lovelock et al. 2014, p.14). Hence, using a SWOT analysis I will identify RSPCAs strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths -Large working force that includes paid and voluntary workers -Experience in animal protection and rescue -High donation accumulation via online website -267 full time, 46 part time inspectors allow large numbers of cases to be investigated Weaknesses -Animal welfare not a major priority among other charities -Small number of partners -Workforce not available at full strength at all times Opportunities -Forming partnerships with local schools -Purchasing new land at subsidised rates -Setting up a pet store to sell rescued pets to responsible owners Threats - Dwindling funds -Difficulty finding major sponsors -Increasing numbers of animal trafficking Table 3: SWOT, RSPCA UK (Source: Created by Author) Segmentation: Segmenting customers to smaller more specific groups is vital to success of the marketing plan. By separating customers from generalised groups to more specific ones, allows organisations to identify different characteristics and target niches. In regard to RSPCA an animal charity, segmentation is slightly different from other companies due to the non-profit nature of the organisation. RSPCAs segmentation is represented in the following table: Audience Service offered location General customers (all age groups) are the key audiences required to keep the NGO functioning -Veterinary services -Animal rescue -Prosecution -Rehabilitation All across the United Kingdom Students (5 to 18 years) -Animal handling demonstrations -Presentations regarding animal cruelty in the UK Local schools and universities Other NGOs are key to raise funds and make operations sustainable -Sharing knowledge regarding animal cruelty -Engaging in co-op missions to bust animal abusers (bird fighting and dog fighting) -Working together to introduce new Laws -Investigation At monthly meetings in RSPCA HQ Table 2: RSPCA customer segmentation (Source: Created by Author) Clarification of objectives: The primary objective of the plan is to raise awareness regarding good animal care and cruelty. In addition, while in the process of doing so, raising funds will be considered a secondary objective. The rising incidents of animal cruelty and lack of awareness in cities justifies the chosen primary objective. While the threat of RSPCAs dwindling funds make the secondary objective justified. Setting strategy: Since being a charity, the RSPCAs key targets are general people all around the country. The NGOs existence relies on the number of customers it can service, and the number of animals it can save at any given point of time. When people avail the services of RSPCA, the NGOs effectiveness is realised by investors and other charities; this in turn raises funds for the company. Hence, targeting generalised customers allows the NGO to meet its objectives and goals while being financially sustainable. Specifying tactics and required action: According to Hoffman and Bateson (2010, p.22), a marketing plan can be determined using the marketing mix tool, where Product, Place, Price, Promotion, People, Processes and Physical Evidence are proposed. Traditionally the marketing mix consisted of 4 Ps as created by E. Jerome McCarthy. However, modern marketing theorists introduced the three additional Ps, Processes, People, and Physical Evidence to add depth and make the mix more functional. Below I have used the 7 P's marketing mix model as framework to formulate a marketing plan for RSPCA (Refer to appendix 1 for more information). Product - When selecting a product to market it must well designed to meet the target group or customers; hence, it should meet the purpose it is intended for or what people expect from it as mentioned by Mudie and Pirrie (2012, p.100). In regard to RSPCA, being a charity they offer services rather than products; hence the service selected to market is veterinarian services. The service will be able for all pets and will include a general check-up, x-ray and advice for further diagnosis. In addition, a one hour presentation over maintaining and keeping good care of the service users pet. Price: - Moeller (2010, p.361) stated that setting the price of the product/service is a critical aspect of organisational success. Before setting the price it is important to understand the customers perceived value. If price is set too low then it could lead to a loss for the organisation. On the other hand if prices are set to high it could detract customers as argued by Boksberger and Melsen (2011, p.231) The service will be marketed as free service, to encourage the more customers, allowing the RSPCA to spread awareness about animal care in the process. Although the initial service will be free, additional procedures like clipping nails, dental work, stitching etc will be offered at 50% discount. This will allow the company to meet its objective of raising funds. Place - When selecting a place to offer the service, marketers must choose a location that is easily accessible to target audiences. Whether the service will be provided in a mall or via the online platform, location or place can act as deterrent to attracting customers if selected incorrectly as mentioned by Cadle et al. 2010, p.141). Stratford Centre Mall located at 54a Broadway is selected as the place to offer the service. The Mall has received 4.1/5 star ratings from online reviews, and has become extremely popular among people in East London. A corner location will be hired near the pet accessory and supply stores to catch the attention of passing pet owners, maximising the potential to attract customers. Promotion Sashi (2012, p.261) stated that promotion is the essential tool for spread awareness about a product/service. It serves to send a message to people, affecting their impressions over the product. Marketers must select the correct promotional strategy to match the service offered while taking budget restrictions into consideration (Erdomu and Cicek, 2012, p.1355). Online promotion will mainly be used to promote the veterinarian services. The use of social media like facebook and twitter will be prioritised, where details of the service and location will be advertised on company profile pages. In addition, advertising through printed banners will be placed outside the Mall to attract potential pet owners (Lovejoy and Saxton, 2012, p.340). People - Gordon (2012, p.125) mentioned that a well designed marketing plan will select people that match the service being offered. This may include maintenance staff, front counter service staff, sales staff and service personnel. The service will be available 24x7 with staff changing shifts every 8 hours. 6 experienced veterinarians will be available: 2 per 8 hour shifts from Monday till Friday. While during the weekends, veterinarian trainees and college interns will be responsible for services. In addition, all people selected will wear white and grey uniforms with the organisation logo. Moreover, all staff will be trained in PowerPoint and ICT, to facilitate the 1 hour awareness presentations post the service. In addition, maintenance and cleaning of equipment will be carried out by Med Serve, an organisational partner of RSPCA. Physical evidence: - Chikweche and Fletcher (2012, p.517) stated that every service or product has some physical evidence or tangibility that makes it real. Physical evidence in this regard refers to the environment and physical objects that interact with the customer while delivering the service. Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene of the store will be prioritised to ensure that the customer feels comfortable. All equipments will be sterilised using alcohol and anti-bacterial liquids prior and after use. Three vet tables will be provided allowing multiple pets to be checked simultaneously. The tables have extended flaps, soft cushioning and wheels to ensure easy movement and comfort. Processes Arseculeratne and Yazdanifard, (2014, p.130) stated that processes include all steps that allow the product/service to be delivered to the customer. These processes include manufacturing of items, managing supplies, ordering new inventory items, customer handling etc. In regard to the service being offered by RSPCA at Stratford Centre Mall, customer service is prioritised and stressed upon. Staffs are expected to be gentle to the animals that arrive at the store, as customers hold their pets dear. In addition, cooperation with customer views will also be stressed. When customers arrive their information along with their pet medical history will be entered in RSPCAs online database, following which a medical checkup and x-ray if required. Upon completing the examination customers will be given the option to avail the 1 hour presentation regarding their pet. Moreover, the option to donate will also be presented which will help gather additional funds. Measuring performance: In order to measure the performance of the plan the following steps will be implemented- Identifying performance indicators that are measurable and observable Fixing a value on theses identified indicators, by setting thresholds ranges Measuring values from these indicators Benchmarking the measured values by comparing them with the threshold ranges set, enabling performance to be measured How the promotion mix was used Each element of the promotional mix plays a crucial role in successful promotion of a product or service. The elements of the promotional mix include advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, publicity and direct marketing. Using this mix non-paid advertising on social media and paid advertisements through banners was selected. Theory supporting the decision According to the pull strategy, for a service to be successfully promoted, marketing communication must be heavily relied and stressed upon, allowing the campaign to spread awareness among potential service users. Why the choice was made This decision to promote the service on the companys facebook profile page and twitter account is not only cost effective but also targets a range of pet owners, NGOs and potential donors. Since the RSPCA faces dwindling funds, engaging in paid advertising over other forms media would prove difficult. However, banner advertisements outside the Mall were fairly cheap to setup and maintain, hence their selection. The reason for selecting RSPCA was that the organisation possess a rich history in fighting against animal cruelty within the United Kingdom. Moreover, they possess vast amounts of assets in the form of manpower and specialised personnel that will help make the promotion plan a success. In addition, the RSPCA is currently facing fund shortages within various departments, which the proposed promotion plan could help in sorting out. While the popularity of the organisation will help it spread awareness and promote good pet care across the country. Brochure poster Figure 2: Sample Brochure for Social media promotion (Source: Created by Author) Conclusion: Marketing planning plays a pivotal role in an organization's strategy, by assessing the internal and environment. Strengths and weakness can be identified by using analytical tools, and making the correct decision with regard to launching a service. Using the proposed plan RSPCA can only better their cause towards fighting animal cruelty but also raise funds in the process. The NGOs dwindling funds makes this plan vital for their continued success as a charity. Reference List: Books Cadle, J., Paul, D. and Turner, P., (2010).Business analysis techniques: 72 essential tools for success. BCS, The Chartered Institute. Hoffman, K. and Bateson, J., (2010) .Services marketing: concepts, strategies, cases. Cengage Learning. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P.G. and Wirtz, J., (2014).Services marketing. Pearson, Australia. Mudie, P. and Pirrie, A., (2012).Services marketing management. Routledge. Zeithaml, V.A., Bitner, M.J. and Gremler, D.D., (2010).Services marketing strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Journals Arseculeratne, D. and Yazdanifard, R., (2014). How green marketing can create a sustainable competitive advantage for a business.International business research,7(1), p.130. Boksberger, P.E. and Melsen, L., (2011). Perceived value: a critical examination of definitions, concepts and measures for the service industry. Journal of Services Marketing,25(3), pp.229-240. Chikweche, T. and Fletcher, R., (2012). Revisiting the marketing mix at the bottom of pyramid (BOP): from theoretical considerations to practical realities.Journal of Consumer Marketing,29(7), pp.507-520. Erdomu, .E. and Cicek, M., (2012). The impact of social media marketing on brand loyalty.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,58, pp.1353-1360. Gordon, R., (2012). Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), pp.122-126. Lovejoy, K. and Saxton, G.D., (2012). Information, community, and action: how nonprofit organizations use social media.Journal of Computer Mediated Communication,17(3), pp.337-353. Moeller, S., (2010). Characteristics of services-a new approach uncovers their value.Journal of Services Marketing,24(5), pp.359-368. Sashi, C.M., (2012). Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), pp.253-272. Websites Rspca.org.uk. (2016). RSPCA - Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals - rspca.org.uk. [online] Available at: https://www.rspca.org.uk/ [Accessed 15 Mar. 2016].